Irregular periods can be a sign of hormonal imbalance, PCOS, or other health issues. Learn about causes, symptoms, and treatment options.
Introduction
Your period is a vital indicator of your reproductive and hormonal health. While minor changes are normal, consistent irregularities in your menstrual cycle could signal underlying issues. In this article, we break down what’s normal, what’s not, and when to see a gynaecologist.
What is a Normal Menstrual Cycle?
- Cycle length: 21–35 days
- Bleeding lasts: 2–7 days
- Blood loss: 30–80 ml per cycle
- Mild cramps and mood swings are normal
Anything outside of this range may be considered irregular..
Types of Menstrual Irregularities
- Amenorrhea – Absence of periods (primary or secondary)
- Oligomenorrhea – Infrequent periods (more than 35 days apart)
- Menorrhagia – Heavy or prolonged bleeding
- Polymenorrhea – Frequent periods (less than 21 days apart)
- Metrorrhagia – Spotting or bleeding between periods
Common Causes of Irregular Periods
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
- Thyroid dysfunction
- Stress & lifestyle changes
- Obesity or eating disorders
- Excessive exercise or low body fat
- Perimenopause or menopause
- Uterine fibroids or endometriosis
- Use of birth control pills or IUDs
Diagnosis: What to Expect at the Gynaecologist
- Detailed menstrual history
- Pelvic examination
- Blood tests (hormones, thyroid, prolactin)
- Ultrasound of uterus and ovaries
- Possibly: Endometrial biopsy or hysteroscopy
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the cause:
- PCOS – Birth control pills, Metformin, lifestyle changes
- Thyroid issues – Hormone replacement or suppressants
- Fibroids – Medications or surgical options
- Heavy bleeding – Tranexamic acid, hormonal IUD, or endometrial ablation
- Stress-related – Therapy, relaxation techniques, yoga
Tips to Maintain Menstrual Health
- Track your cycle with apps
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Eat a balanced diet rich in iron and B-vitamins
- Stay hydrated and active
- Manage stress effectively
When to See a Gynaecologist?
- Periods stop for more than 3 months
- Very heavy bleeding (soaking through pads every 1–2 hours)
- Severe cramps or pain
- Bleeding between periods
- Unexpected spotting after sex
Conclusion
Don’t ignore irregularities in your period — your body might be trying to tell you something important. Early diagnosis ensures better treatment outcomes and hormonal balance.